The human body is filled with about 100 trillion microorganisms or bacteria in its intestines, which is much more than even the number of cells in the body. These gut bacteria aid in fermenting undigested carbohydrates and consume fatty acids. The microbes are also found in other mammals. New research shows that these gut microbes […]
Immunomodulatory biologics (“biologics”) are large molecules – proteins, peptides, and nucleotides – produced through biological processes in living cells and organisms. Currently, biologics represent one-third of newly licensed pharmaceutical products and target a broad range of diseases, mainly in oncology and autoimmune/inflammatory disorders. These biologics are generated through recombinant DNA-based techniques and are divided into […]
Antibodies (Ab), or immunoglobulins (Ig), are naturally occurring proteins found in great abundance in our bodies. They are used by the immune system to identify and subdue antigens, or foreign substances that are found in the body which may cause disease or infection. Antibody engineering is a powerful resource for creating novel biopharmaceuticals. The most […]
The design of pre-clinical studies is a complex task, and understanding the translation from animal model to human diseases requires a great deal of care and a high level of understanding of both the basic science and the clinical condition. Many drugs in clinical development flounder due to lack of efficacy or unacceptable side effects. […]